Preventing Falls at Home

Falls and accidents become more common as people get older. The good news is that most falls can be prevented. Small changes around your house can reduce your risk of a fall.

Every year many people over the age of 65 are admitted to hospital as a result of a fall. A fall can result in head injuries, fractures and reduced mobility. It can cause a loss of confidence. The fear of falling again may stop people from doing the activities they really enjoy and in turn make them more dependent on others.

Who is at risk?

Many individuals may have a higher risk of falling due to:

• Dizziness
• Poor balance
• Weakness
• Previous falls
• Poor vision
• Medication use
• Unsafe environment (e.g. cluttered home)

Reduce the risk of falls

Your general health

• Participate in regular and safe physical activities. Physical exercise makes you stronger and can improve your balance and coordination.
• Have your vision checked at least once a year. Poor vision can increase your chances of falling.
• Wear glasses or hearing aids as needed.
• If you have difficulty walking, ensure you are prescribed with appropriate walking aids. Check the rubber tips of your walking sticks and replace them if they are worn out.
• Give your body some time to adjust when you move from lying to sitting or standing. A change in position/posture may cause your blood pressure to drop. This can make it difficult to maintain your balance and result in dizziness.
• Review your medication with your doctor regularly. Be aware of medicines that can make you sleepy or dizzy.
• Rest if needed. Do not force yourself to walk long distances when you are tired or distracted.

Home environment

• Keep commonly used items within easy reach.
• Avoid straining to reach high shelves or low cupboards as this may cause you to feel dizzy and lose your balance.
• Ensure furniture is arranged so you can move around easily. Keep walkways clear of furniture and clutter (e.g. magazines, boxes and shoes).
• Remove things you can trip over, e.g. cables, rugs, mats, books, shoes and clothes. Clean up spills straightaway.
• Take special care when showering. A non-slip rubber mat and well-placed grab rails by the toilet and shower may help you to keep your balance.

Other safety tips

• Ensure adequate lighting in your house. 
• Avoid clothes which are too long and make sure slippers and shoes are well fitted and in good condition.
• Do not to rush to answer the telephone.
• Look out for uneven ground or broken pavements when walking outside.

Where to get help?

Always tell your doctor if you have had a fall. Discuss with your doctor about the possibility of getting more information and help. Your doctor can put you in touch with:

• An occupational therapist who will be able to give you advice on how to make your home safer.
• A physiotherapist who can show you how to safely get up from a fall without help. A physiotherapist can also assess your risk of falling, teach you exercises and supply you with equipment that will help you get about more safely.